The Oxidation State of Iron in Silicate Minerals from the Matrices of CO Carbonaceous Chondrites

No abstract available

A simple method for the quantitative analysis of tyrosol by hplc in liquid Czapek Cultures from endophytic fungi

Tyrosol is a possible quorum sensing molecule in endophytic fungi. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detector (DAD) was used for the analysis of tyrosol in liquid Czapek fungal cultures. The optimized conditions were gradient mobile phase, in linear mode, consisting initially of acetonitrile/water (1:9 v/v) and increasing up to acetonitrile (100%) in 30 minutes at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. The column used was a ZORBAX® ODS (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 25 ºC. Liquid-liquid extraction of 0.5 mL medium (pH 7.0) with ethyl acetate and injection of 20 μL after solvent evaporation under air flow gave good results. Some validation parameters obtained were: linearity 0.0125-5.0 μg mL-1 medium (r = 0.9967), quantification limit of 0.0125 μg mL-1 medium, %CV (precision) and %E (accuracy) bellow 15% and recovery around 80%. Therefore, the developed method presented satisfactory validation parameters and it was efficient for the analysis of tyrosol in Czapek medium.O tirosol é provavelmente uma molécula sinalizadora em fungos endofíticos. A análise do tirosol em cultura líquida Czapek de fungo endofítico foi realizada através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a detector por arranjo de diodos. As análises foram obtidas em sistema de fase móvel utilizando gradiente, modo linear, iniciando em acetonitrila/água (1:9 v/v) e terminando em acetonitrila 100% em 30 minutos com vazão de 1 mL min-1. Coluna analítica ZORBAX® ODS (250 × 4,6 mm, 5 μm) à 25 ºC foi utilizada. Extração líquido-líquido de 0,5 mL do meio (pH 7,0) com acetato de etila e injeção de 20 μL após concentração do solvente sob ar comprimido originou bons resultados. Os parâmetros validados foram: linearidade 0,0125-5,0 μg mL-1 (r = 0,9967), limite de quantificação 0,0125 μg mL-1 obtidos pela média das análises; %CV (precisão) e %E (exatidão) com valores abaixo de 15% e recuperação de cerca de 80%. Além disso, o método desenvolvido apresentou valores de validação satisfatórios demonstrando eficiência na análise do tirosol em meio líquido Czapek.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPES

Extração de DNA genômico de nematóides entomopatogênicos na Embrapa Trigo.

bitstream/CNPT-2010/40747/1/p-co257.pd

Bayesian estimation for quantum sensing in the absence of single-shot detection

Quantum information protocols, such as quantum error correction and quantum phase estimation, have been widely used to enhance the performance of quantum sensors. While these protocols have relied on single-shot detection, in most practical applications only an averaged readout is available, as in the case of room-temperature sensing with the electron spin associated with a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Here, we theoretically investigate the application of the quantum phase estimation algorithm for high dynamic-range magnetometry, in the case where single-shot readout is not available. We show that, even in this case, Bayesian estimation provides a natural way to use the available information in an efficient way. We apply Bayesian analysis to achieve an optimized sensing protocol for estimating a time-independent magnetic field with a single electron spin associated to a nitrogen-vacancy center at room temperature and show that this protocol improves the sensitivity over previous protocols by more than a factor of 3. Moreover, we show that an extra enhancement can be achieved by considering the timing information in the detector clicks.Comment: 7 pages + 2 pages supplementary, 5 figures, In the updated version we have added updating the probability after every single measurement. Comments are welcom

Predictions for surveys with the SPICA Mid-infrared Instrument

We present predictions for number counts and redshift distributions of galaxies detectable in continuum and in emission lines with the Mid-infrared (MIR) Instrument (SMI) proposed for the Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics. We have considered 24 MIR fine-structure lines, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bands (at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6 and 11.3 mu m) and two silicate bands (in emission and in absorption) at 9.7 and 18.0 mu m. Six of these lines are primarily associated with active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the others with star formation. A survey with the SMI spectrometers of 1-h integration per field of view (FoV) over an area of 1 deg(2) will yield 5 sigma detections of similar or equal to 140 AGN lines and of similar or equal to 5.2 x 10(4) star-forming galaxies, similar or equal to 1.6 x 10(4) of which will be detected in at least two lines. The combination of a shallow (20.0 deg(2), 1.4 x 10(-1) h integration per FoV) and a deep survey (6.9 x 10(-3) deg(2), 635 h integration time), with the SMI camera, for a total of similar to 1000 h, will accurately determine the MIR number counts of galaxies and of AGNs over five orders of magnitude in flux density, reaching values more than one order of magnitude fainter than the deepest Spitzer 24 mu m surveys. This will allow us to determine the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) function down to SFRs more than 100 times fainter than reached by the Herschel Observatory

Quantum fluctuations in quantum lattice-systems with continuous symmetry

We discuss conditions for the absence of spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries in quantum lattice systems at $T=0$. Our analysis is based on Pitaevskii and Stringari's idea that the uncertainty relation can be employed to show quantum fluctuations. For the one-dimensional systems, it is shown that the ground state is invariant under the continuous transformation if a certain uniform susceptibility is finite. For the two- and three-dimensional systems, it is shown that truncated correlation functions cannot decay any more rapidly than $|r|^{-d+1}$ whenever the continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken. Both of these phenomena occur owing to quantum fluctuations. Our theorems cover a wide class of quantum lattice-systems having not-too-long-range interactions.Comment: 14 pages. To appear in J.Stat.Phy

Adiabatic quantum algorithm for search engine ranking

We propose an adiabatic quantum algorithm for generating a quantum pure state encoding of the PageRank vector, the most widely used tool in ranking the relative importance of internet pages. We present extensive numerical simulations which provide evidence that this algorithm can prepare the quantum PageRank state in a time which, on average, scales polylogarithmically in the number of webpages. We argue that the main topological feature of the underlying web graph allowing for such a scaling is the out-degree distribution. The top ranked $\log(n)$ entries of the quantum PageRank state can then be estimated with a polynomial quantum speedup. Moreover, the quantum PageRank state can be used in "q-sampling" protocols for testing properties of distributions, which require exponentially fewer measurements than all classical schemes designed for the same task. This can be used to decide whether to run a classical update of the PageRank.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; closer to published versio

The Oxidation State of Iron in Silicate Minerals from the Matrices of CO Carbonaceous Chondrites

No abstract available

Fast HPLC analysis of omeprazole, 5-hydroxyomeprazole and omeprazole sulfone in liquid culture medium using a monolithic column for application in biotransformation studies with fungi

A fast liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole (OMZ), 5-hydroxyomeprazole (5-HOMZ) and omeprazole sulphone (OMZ SUL) in liquid culture medium for application in biotransformation studies employing phytopathogenic and endophytic fungi. The separation was achieved using a monolithic Chromolith Fast gradient RP 18 endcapped column, using a mobile phase consisting of 0.15% (v/v) trifluoroacetid acid (TFA) in water (solvent A) and 0.15% (v/v) TFA in acetonitrile (solvent B), under linear gradient of 5 to 90% of B in 1 min, flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, temperature at 30 ºC and detection at 220 nm. Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction, with recoveries in the range of 62.3 to 76.6% for all analytes. The method was linear in the range of 0.2 to 10.0 µg mL-1 (r &#8805; 0.995). The values for intra- and inter-day precision (% coefficient of variation) and accuracy (% relative error) were < 15% for all analytes. The validated method was used to evaluate OMZ biotransformation to their mammalian metabolites by selected fungi. In general, the phytopathogenic fungi studied were more efficient to biotransform OMZ. The sulfonation reaction was more prevalent for all studied fungi.Um método rápido por cromatografia líquida foi desenvolvido para a determinação simultânea de omeprazol (OMZ), 5-hidroxiomeprazol (5-HOMZ) e omeprazol sulfona (OMZ SUL) em meio de cultura líquido, para aplicação em estudos de biotransformação empregando fungos fitopatogênicos e endofíticos. A separação foi realizada empregando uma coluna monolítica Chromolith Fast gradient RP 18 com a fase móvel constituída por ácido trifluoroacético (TFA) 0,15% (v/v) em água (solvente A) e TFA 0,15% (v/v) em acetonitrila (solvente B). Foi empregado um gradiente linear de 5 a 90% de B em 1 minuto, vazão de 1,0 mL min-1, temperatura de 30 ºC e detecção em 220 nm. A extração líquido-líquido foi empregada na preparação das amostras, com recuperações na faixa de 62,3-76,6% para todos os analitos. O método foi linear na faixa de 0,2-10,0 µg mL-1 (r &#8805; 0,995). Os valores de precisão e exatidão intra- e inter-dias (coeficiente de variação e erro relativo) foram inferiores a 15% para todos os analitos. O método validado foi utilizado para avaliar a biotransformação do OMZ em seus principais metabólitos humanos pelos fungos selecionados. Em geral, os fungos fitopatogênicos foram mais eficientes para biotransformar o OMZ. A reação de sulfonação foi mais prevalente em todos os fungos estudadosFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES